介绍北京概况导游词（合集12篇）范文

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篇1：介绍北京概况的导游词

水立方即国家游泳中心，位于北京奥林匹克公园内，20_年12月24开工。

是北京为20_年夏季奥运会修建的主游泳馆，也是20_年北京奥运会标志性建筑物之一。

其与国家体育场(俗称鸟巢)分列于北京城市中轴线北端的两侧，共同形成相对完整的北京历史文化名城形象。

20_年奥运会期间，国家游泳中心承担游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球等比赛，可容纳观众坐席17000座，其中永久观众坐席为6000座，奥运会期间增设临时性座位11000个(赛后将拆除)。赛后将建成为具有国际先进水平的、集游泳、运动、健身、休闲于一体的中心。

“水立方”是世界上最大的膜结构工程，除了地面之外，外表都采用了膜结构——ETFE材料，由约3000块气枕组成的膜结构构成，蓝色的表面出乎意的柔软但又很充实。集建筑学、结构力学、精细化工、材料科学与计算机技术等为一体，建造出具有标志性的空间结构形式，它不仅体现出结构的力量美，还充分表现出建筑师的设想，享受大自然浪漫空间。

篇2：介绍北京概况的导游词

大家好!我是你们的纪导游，现在我带你们来到了北京的四合院，我来带你们参观参观吧!

四合院是北京传统的住宅形式。和其他地区的中国人一样，北京人也认为北方是吉利的方向。因此，一般的四合院都是坐北朝南。同时，这种设计还有实用的考虑，这就是北屋向阳，坐北朝南能够得到充足的阳光。

四合院北边朝南的一排房子叫正方。与北方相对的是三间南房，老北京人叫它“倒座儿”。

过去的时候，一个家庭常常几代人生活在一起，居住在同一间房子里不方便，离得太远又不好联系，四合院正好满足了这种家庭结构的需要。一般说来，正方高大、舒适、明亮，是长辈们居住的地方，东西两侧厢房则由子女居住，南方常常是书房或客厅。我们再有时间的时候可以去住住的呢!

四合院的规模有大有小。小型四合院，房屋布局简单，三面或四面建房，只有一个院子。比如，鲁迅先生在北京的故居，就是小型的四合院。这种小型四合院在北京最多，大多是普通老百姓居住。也有大型和中型的四合院，或者向后边增加几个院子;或者向两侧发展，增加几组平行的院子。大型的四合院只有那些有钱的人家才住，穷人是不能去住的!

过去的四合院，大多是一户居住。随着社会的发展，人口的增加，一家一户的形式渐渐被打破。现在，一个四合院，往我那个住着许多户人家。有人认为，四合院能使邻居之间产生一种和谐的气氛，使人有一种安全感和亲切感，而现在的高层建筑，则容易使人与人之间、家庭与家庭之间关系冷漠、感情疏远。

好了，我会长时间再带你们来参观的!!

篇3：介绍北京概况的导游词

各位游客们，我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场，天安门广场，面积达到了44万平方米，而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的经纬度(东经：116°23′17″，北纬：39°54′27″)来确定的。它坐落在北京市中心，一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。在明代，这里曾叫做承天门广场，出现了T型广场，当然，现在已经没有了。清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。在辛亥革命以后，天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地，著名的五四运动，一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。而在这里最著名的事件，相信大家一定知道，那就是在1949.10.1的开国大典，当时这里聚集了30万人，共同来庆祝新中国的成立。解放以后，将T型广场拆除，建了人民英雄纪念碑，人民大会堂和历史博物馆，革命博物馆等大型建筑。而在国庆50周年的时候，天安门广场经历了一系列的整修，使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场，没有关系，在接下来的游览过程，我将向大家一一介绍。

明代永乐年间，这里叫做承天门，只是一个木牌坊，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。可是明代的时候被烧毁了，后来修建了面阔九间，进深五间的城楼，真正体现了帝王的_之尊。但是明朝末年，又被毁了。而在清顺治年间，重修城楼以后，改名为天安门，将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的，将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的，体现了内和外安的美好愿望。这就是我们现在所看的城楼，它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。基座是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国古代最高等级的基座，高1.59米。城台高14.6米。而城楼重檐歇山顶，这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。整座建筑高33.7米，在70年重修后，升高了一米。

这座建筑等级非常高的城楼，它的作用也同样非常重要。明清时候，凡是遇到国家大典，都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式，(就是颁诏时，在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。宣诏后，用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤，金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下，礼部官员用朵云盘接住，然后放入龙亭，颂到礼部，随后颁布天下。)而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候，这里是必经之路。

在天安门城楼前面的这一条河，被称为金水河。那这里为什么被称为金水河呢?因为这条河是从北京的西北方向被引过来的，而在阴阳五行中，西属金，北属水，所以这条河命名为金水河，而河上的7座汉白玉桥，就是金水桥。其中最旁边的这两座桥叫做公生桥，分别对应着太庙和社稷坛，也就是现在的劳动人民文化宫和中山公园。而中间的这座是御路桥，是皇帝皇后专用的，它旁边的两座是皇族桥，供宗室王公行走，在旁边的两座是品级桥，只有三品以上的官员才可以通过。

在金水桥前面，左右各有一个石狮子。左边的是雄师，右边的是雌狮。我们是如何分出雌雄的呢?因为雄师脚踩的是绣球，而雌狮则是幼狮。现在为了保护文物，这对狮子已经被围栏保护起来了。在天安门前后各有一对华表，其实华表的原名叫做诋毁木，是皇帝为了表示自己能够采纳意见和接受意见而设立的，逐渐演变成了今天的华表。它的顶端的异兽叫做吼，北华表上的叫做望君出，意思是为了让皇帝出宫体察民情，而南端的则叫望君归，意思是皇帝不要留恋宫外的花花世界，应该及时回宫处理政务。

现在请大家向后转，在我们身后，就是天安门广场。在明清时候，这里是成T字型的，中间是南北走向的御路，在御路两侧，建有千步廊，两边都有廊房110间，到了长安街南侧，在随着红墙向东西两侧延伸，有廊房34间，所以千步廊共有228间廊房。而在御路的最南端明代时是大明门，清朝则改为大清门;东西两侧的门分别是长安左门和长安右门，也分别称为龙门和虎门，因为在科考之后，黄榜在长安左门公布，考中的进士要从这里进入皇城，所以称之为龙门，而虎门的来由则是每年霜降以后，朝廷都要对犯人进行审查，而审定的犯人则被带出长安右门，等于落入虎口，所以称为虎门。而订立这些，都是与五行有关。

在我国古代，有文东武西之说，所以在千步廊东西两侧就是五府六部的所在地。在广场东侧，现在的历史博物馆一带，基本上都是中央文职机关，而西侧，也就是人民大会堂一带，则是五军都督府和特务的机构锦衣卫。为了方便这些官员进入皇城，所以就在龙门虎门外各建了一道南北走向的大门，东公生门和西公生门。

现在我们已经看不到那时候的痕迹了，取而代之的是更有历史意义和政治特色的现代化建筑。

在广场西侧，是人民大会堂。它于1958年10月动工，历时一年，在59年国庆节前就完工了，占地面积17.18万平方米。整座建筑像一个“山”字，中央最高处是46.5米，是整个天安门广场中的最高建筑。大会堂分为三个部分：中央是万人大礼堂，总面积达36000平方米，有席坐一万个，礼堂顶部有巨大的红五角星，放出70到光芒，整个穹顶的装饰布局不仅很壮丽，而且还象征着万民一心，团结在党周围;北部是宴会厅，总面积7000多平方米是我国最大的宴会厅;南部则是人大办公楼，这里包括全国37各省市自治区直辖市特区格局特色的会议厅，例如重庆厅，香港厅等等。

篇4：介绍北京概况的导游词

天安门位于北京城的传统的中轴线上，由城台和城楼两部分组成，造型威严庄重，气势宏大。明清时，天安门是皇城的正门，城门五阙，重楼九楹，高为33.87米;1970年翻建后高达34.7米。

城楼

天安门城楼为中国传统的重檐歇山顶建筑，即由四个倾斜的顶面、一条正脊、四条垂脊、四条戗脊(垂脊下端折向的一条)和两侧倾斜层面上部转折成垂直的三角形墙面组成，形成两坡和四坡屋顶的混合形式。故有“八檐九脊”之称。城楼为木结构建筑，大殿飞檐下是排列有序的斗拱和梁枋。斗拱为中国传统木构架体系中独有，是斗形木弓形横木组成的具有翘、昂、拱特点的木制构件。梁枋又分额枋、檐枋，斗拱下面是额枋，上面彩画和金龙图案，柱子之间的构件叫檐枋，会有金龙和玺图案。

城楼的主体建筑分为上下两层。上层是重檐歇山式，黄琉璃瓦顶的巍峨城楼，东西面阔九楹，南北进深五间，取“_”之数，象征皇帝的尊严。正面有36扇菱花格式的门窗。城楼内所用木材大部分是楠木，大殿内有60根直径为92厘米的红漆木柱，承受着屋顶建筑大部分重力。排列整齐，柱顶上有藻井与梁枋，绘着金龙吉祥彩画和团龙图案。正面的36扇门窗为中国传统的菱花格式，屋顶上的天花藻井画的是团龙图案，在殿厅堂纵横交错的梁枋上绘的是金龙和玺彩绘;17盏古雅的大型宫灯，最大的那盏称为主灯，有8个面，全高6米，直径2.8米，重约450公斤;其余16盏为6个面的辅灯，每个高6米，直径2.2米，重约350公斤。每盏灯上的角各有一盏伞形小灯。地面铺的全是金砖，面积约20_平方米。屋顶的正脊与垂脊上装饰着螭吻、仙人、走兽。

下层是高13米的朱红色城台，四周环绕琉璃瓦封顶的矮墙，下部是1.59米高的雕刻精美的汉白玉须弥座台基，座上为高10多米的红色墩台，以每块重达43千克的大砖砌成。城楼基座周围有汉白玉栏杆、栏板，雕刻着莲花宝瓶图案。

城台

城台的总面积达4800平方米，东西两侧各有一条长达百级供上下城楼用的梯道，俗称马道。还有5个拱形门洞，中间的门洞最大，高8.82米，宽5.25米，唯有皇帝可以进出。城台下有券门五阙，中间的券门最大，位于北京皇城中轴线上，过去只有皇帝才可以由此出入。

篇5：介绍北京概况的导游词

各位朋友大家好，我们将要游览的是中外闻名的故宫博物院。故宫位于北京市区中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。故宫又名紫禁城，它是中国保存最完整，规模最大的古代皇宫建筑群。首先我给大家介绍一下故宫的历史沿革。明朝的永乐皇帝通过“靖难之役”，从自己的侄子朱允炆手中夺得了皇位，定都南京。因南京朝臣大多数是朱允炆的旧臣，永乐皇帝惟恐这些朝臣对自己不服，再加上当时北方蒙古人经常南侵，于是永乐皇帝决定迁都北京。

明永乐四年即公元1406年，明成祖朱棣下诏，正式启动北京工程的建设，动用工匠23万，民夫百万，于永乐十八年即公元1420年工程竣工。永乐十九年元旦吉日，明成祖朱棣于奉天殿受朝贺，紫禁城正式启用。公元1644年清朝定都北京，继续沿用明朝的宫殿，并且对部分地区进行了较大规模的改造：如文渊阁、宁寿全宫、南三所、斋宫、毓庆宫等建筑。尤其是清廷特别重视防火，并且财务了多种措施：如改造了建筑中的防火结构、建立了专门的消防机构即火班、配备了消防器材等。明清时期紫禁城的主要作用是：自明成祖朱棣到思宗朱由检，共有14位皇帝，清朝自世祖福林到逊帝溥仪，共有10位皇帝，明清共有24位皇帝在此生活起居、治理国家。

清宣统三年(1911)，末代皇帝溥仪推诿，根据民国政府所允“关于清帝逊位后优待条件”，清廷皇室成员仍可居住紫禁城内廷，民国十三年即公元1924年冯玉祥发动“北平政变”溥仪才搬出故宫。民国二年即公元1913年袁世凯在紫禁城举行了大总统就职典礼。1925年10月10日故宫博物院成立典礼，紫禁城正式对社会开放，解放以后我国政府曾花费巨资对紫禁城进行维护和修缮。1961年紫禁城成为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，1987年辈联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产保护名录。今日的紫禁城以它新的面貌展现在世人面前。故宫是世界上最著名的博物馆之一，其特点表现在三个方面，首先它是一座完整的皇宫遗址博物馆，其次它是一座包罗万象的综合艺术博物馆，第三它还是集中国古代建筑之大成的古代建筑博物馆。

故宫为什么又叫“紫禁城”呢?紫禁城的“紫”指的是紫微垣。古代天文学家将天体分为三垣四象二十八宿。三垣是指紫微垣、太微垣、天市垣，紫微垣居天体中央，共有恒星15颗，北极星又是紫微垣的中心，称为“紫宫”。这组恒星被认为是“运乎中央，临治四方”的天帝所居，人间的皇宫应天象而建，所以紫禁城是“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星拱之”的格局，与天宫相类。所以人间皇帝的居所冠以“紫”字;“禁”是指皇家禁地，万民莫入之意，所以北京皇宫名之为紫禁城。

紫禁城坐落在北京的中轴线上，其建筑布局突出了一条明显的中轴线，主要建筑都在其上，红砖墙，黄色琉璃瓦、青白石基座体现出了皇家的气势，突出了皇权的至高无上。紫禁城内由前朝、后廷两部分组成。紫禁城有四座门，分别是南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。紫禁城内以乾清门前的小广场为界，南面是前朝部分，北面是后廷部分。紫禁城背靠“镇山”，左为太庙，右为社稷坛，南北长961米，东西宽753米，占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，共有宫殿房舍8704间，是1973年统计的数字，周围是10米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河拱卫着皇家的宫殿。紫禁城的四角有“九梁十八柱七十二脊”构成的精美的角楼。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门及午门前的广场。午门是紫禁城的正门，因其位于紫禁城的午位即正南方，故称午门。由北向南鸟瞰午门平面呈“凹”形。午门城台正中建筑为重檐庑殿顶城楼，_开间，通高35米，两观城台上建连檐通脊明廊各13间，明廊南北各有一座鎏金宝顶的四角攒尖崇楼与正中城楼连成一气，俗称“五凤楼”。皇帝亲祀坛庙出午门时鸣钟，祭享太庙时击鼓。午门面南，正面三间，两观下东西侧另开左掖门、右掖门，东西向。

午门南面正门三间，北面则为大门五间，人称这种规制叫“明三暗五”。

午门的出入规制是怎样的呢?在封建时期这里有着严格的等级制度。午门正门专供皇帝出入，皇后大婚时可以从这里进入，三品以上文武官员出入左(东)门，宗室王公出入右(西)门。左右掖门平时不开，只有上大朝时，三品以下文武百官分东西班次由掖门出入。殿试时贡士按名次单数走左掖门，双数走右掖门。举行传胪大典时贡士亦按名次分单双数，由鸿胪寺官员分左右掖门引人。大传胪后，进士中一甲进士状元、榜眼、探花可由午门正门出宫以示褒扬。明清两朝在午门前举行两类活动，一类是逢年过节与官民同乐的活动。

另一类是正式的典礼，清朝主要是凯旋献俘礼和颁朔礼。凯旋献俘礼是朝廷在重大军事行动中取得胜利后，为了安民心、振国威举行的庆典活动。届时皇帝会亲临午门。清乾隆年间为平定准噶尔等地的叛乱曾在这里举行过四次献俘礼。献俘礼在“五礼”中属于军礼范畴。再有一项正式的典礼也就是颁朔礼，颁朔礼就是皇帝颁布第二年历书的典礼。颁朔礼于孟冬一日在午门前举行。举行典礼之前钦天监的官员算出第二年的朔望日，规定每日宜忌事项，制成历书称“时历书”，清乾隆皇帝为避名讳将“时历书”改为“时宪书”，民间俗称黄历。时宪书通过午门前举行颁朔礼颁布天下遵照实行。明清两朝的时宪书也颁给蒙古、琉球、占城等周边的国家，显示出泱泱大国的天子国威。

午门广场是名朝实施“梃杖”的地方。梃杖就是对在朝廷上违逆了皇帝意志的大臣用棍子打的刑罚。明朝成化年以前，梃杖只是有象征性，并非真打，示辱而已。后来逐渐变成真打。处罚地点在午门外御路西墀下，即御路西边的空地。因五行中东主生，西主凶，故处罚地点在御路西墀下。其中有两次梃杖轰动朝野，一次是明武宗朱厚照南巡被大臣阻止，一次被打158人，打死15人;另一次是明世宗朱厚骢为了自己父母尊号的问题发生的“大礼仪”事件，梃杖134人，打死17人。而到了清朝就没有了这种制度。

下面我给大家介绍一下午门前的广场。午门前有两座值房，它是侍卫值班的地方。清朝时对皇宫的安全保卫工作十分重视，并且制定了严格的规章制度。其中有门禁制定、宿卫制度、门钥制度、合符制度等。午门的两阙南侧东西各有朝房3间，是王宫们的朝房，现在是故宫的售票处，朝房南侧东边是阙左门，它是皇帝去紫禁城东侧的太庙祭祀祖先时所走之门。朝房南侧西边是阙右门，它是皇帝去紫禁城西面的社稷坛祭祀土地神和五谷神时所走之门。再向南是连檐通脊朝房各42间，明清时期这里是六科廊，“六科”是古代官署名。

明代始设，即吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六科。每科置都给事中一人，除担任天子侍从外，还进谏言和监察六部之舞弊，办理上奏和调整赦令等事，其权颇重。现在这里的部分房舍被辟为展馆。六科廊南边东侧是太庙右门，西侧是社稷坛左门，广场的最南边是端门。端门是紫禁城的前导门，现在对公众开放，城楼上面不定期举办各种展览，游客可以登上城楼穿上古装拍照留念。

各位朋友，紫禁城的概况和午门前的广场我就给大家介绍到这里。谢谢大家。

篇6：介绍北京概况的导游词

”大家好，我叫_，你们叫我小张就可以了，今天就由我来带领大家共同游览这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望我的讲解能够令各位满意，让我们共同度过这一美好的时光。”

“现在，我们来到了颐和园的大门，你们可以看到许多精美的图案。接着，让我们绕过大殿，现在，我们的所在位置是有名的长廊，柱子是绿色的，栏杆则是红色的，一眼望不到头，这条长廊有700多米长，分成了273间，大家想一想，要建出这么长的长廊，多不容易啊!”

“现在，请大家抬头望，这些横槛上面都画有五彩的画，画这人物、花草、风景，这几千幅画中，没有哪两幅是一样的，既然讲到这儿了，那我就给大家讲一讲这其中的故事吧!”

“从前，乾隆皇帝的母亲喜欢听故事，经常一边在长廊中游览，一边让宫女给她讲各式各样的故事听。有些她特别喜欢的故事，就让宫女们反复地讲。时间一长，宫女们肚子里的故事讲完了，以前讲过的故事也记不清了，这可难坏了宫女们。后来，她们请来了一些人，那些人在横槛上画上了许多的画，从此，宫女们再也不愁没有故事给太后讲了。因为，宫女们看着横槛上的画，就可以想到一些有趣的故事讲给乾隆皇帝的母亲听。”

“我们游完了长廊，就到了万寿山的脚下，现在呢，我请你们抬头看一看，一座八角宝塔!它那黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，大家知道那是哪儿吗?告诉你们吧!那呀，就是佛香阁。下面的那一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。”

“接下来，就让我们登上万寿山吧!现在，我们已经到了万寿山的顶部，让我们往万寿山下望，大家看，那是什么?对了，你们真聪明，那就是昆明湖，大家看，昆明湖很静，静的像一面镜子，昆明湖很绿，绿的像一块碧玉。游船，画舫经常会在湖面上慢慢的滑过，几乎不留一丁点儿痕迹。”

“现在，我们下山吧!我要带大家去我们的最后一个景点——十七孔桥，他为什么要叫做十七孔桥呢?我想大家应该都知道了吧?细心的小朋友们一定会发现，这座桥的下面有十七个孔，所以，就成为十七孔桥。大家再看，十七孔桥上还有很多个柱子，每根柱子上面都画着有小狮子，都做着不同的姿势，没有哪两只狮子的姿势是一样的，大家想想看，这也是多么不容易的啊!

“亲爱的游客，本次的游览到此结束，希望大家以后还能看颐和园看看美景，也希望我能再次带大家游览整个颐和园。拜拜!”

篇7：介绍北京概况的导游词

介绍北京概况的导游词

各位游客们，我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场，天安门广场，面积达到了44万平方米，而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的.经纬度（东经：116°23′17″，北纬：39°54′27″）来确定的。它坐落在北京市中心，一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。在明代，这里曾叫做承天门广场，出现了T型广场，当然，现在已经没有了。清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。在辛亥革命以后，天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地，著名的五四运动，一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。而在这里最著名的事件，相信大家一定知道，那就是在1949年10月1日的开国大典，当时这里聚集了30万人，共同来庆祝新中国的成立。解放以后，将T型广场拆除，建了人民英雄纪念碑，人民大会堂和历史博物馆，革命博物馆等大型建筑。而在国庆50周年的时候，天安门广场经历了一系列的整修，使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场，没有关系，在接下来的游览过程，我将向大家一一介绍。

明代永乐年间，这里叫做承天门，只是一个木牌坊，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。可是明代的时候被烧毁了，后来修建了面阔九间，进深五间的城楼，真正体现了帝王的_之尊。但是明朝末年，又被毁了。而在清顺治年间，重修城楼以后，改名为天安门，将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的，将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的，体现了内和外安的美好愿望。这就是我们现在所看的城楼，它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。基座是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国古代最高等级的基座，高1.59米。城台高14.6米。而城楼重檐歇山顶，这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。整座建筑高33.7米，在70年重修后，升高了一米。

这座建筑等级非常高的城楼，它的作用也同样非常重要。明清时候，凡是遇到国家大典，都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式，（就是颁诏时，在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。宣诏后，用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤，金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下，礼部官员用朵云盘接住，然后放入龙亭，颂到礼部，随后颁布天下。）而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候，这里是必经之路。

篇8：介绍北京导游词

Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction

Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.

The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: “the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis.” Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.

篇9：介绍北京导游词

Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the people's heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian gate.It was just a wooden archway, which means “to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven”. However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.

This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of “Jinfeng imperial edict” was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new China.The portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.

The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.

In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and right.The one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's feelings.The one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.

Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Chang'an Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Chang'an left gate and Chang'an right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Chang'an that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.

In ancient China, there was a saying of “wendongwuxi”, so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.

Now we can't see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.

On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a “mountain”. The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'sCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National People's Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.

In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the people's heroes.According to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese people'sPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. That's what we see today.52.8.1 was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.

The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote “the people's heroes are immortal”. On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sLiberation War and the people's revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's Liberation War and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the river.On both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.

To the south of the monument to the people's Heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem “Manjianghong” is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old revolutionary.Now the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.

Behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.

In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of China's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.

The original flagpole base of Tian'anmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.

The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.

The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.

篇10：介绍北京导游词

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

What's the weather like in Beijing?

Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is Tianyun.After you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager Cixi.Eunuch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: “is there anythingworse in the world?” eat the second one “Kao! It's really there!” although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat it.The principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from acrobatics.China's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic Games.Chinese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as “thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth”. Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of Beijing.Now let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / 3.There are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year round.Now we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called girl.Generally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for holidays.Tianjin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is Sanyuanqiao.It takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International Airport.Expressway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis “three yuan”? The imperial examination system is called “three yuan”. Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong Sanyuan.Taking the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is “Jieyuan”; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of rites.The examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is “Huiyuan”; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the examination.The imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

篇11：介绍北京导游词

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a “bay”, so it has been called “Beijing bay”since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named “Ji”. From then on, thename of “Yanjing” has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties.At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin Dynasty.It officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 years.After the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural scenery.Here are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

篇12：介绍北京导游词

云居寺创建於隋唐时代，历代屡有重修扩建，成为华北地区著名寺院之一。寺院部分抗日战争时期毁於日军炮火，现仅存遗址。寺东北1.5公里处石径山上有藏径洞九座，洞内保存了自隋至明代刻制的石经板，连同寺院南端藏经穴中辽、金经板共143l2块，镌字数千万。除去重复刻造者外，计刻经112o馀部，刻工精湛，为中国佛教文化珍品之一。它是世界上最早、最全、保存最好的石刻大藏经，在中国佛教史上值得大书特书。刻制云居石径的规模，远超过北齐的音堂山摩崖石经和泰山经石峪刻经。

云居寺名称最早见於唐总章二年(669年)年石刻上，隋唐时代已具相当规模。在唐代分上寺及下寺 上寺在石经山上，寺址已无考，下寺即今遗址。辽、金时代云居寺因刻造石经知名，故有石经寺之称。明代因在石经山东麓建东峪寺，而云居寺居山之西，故亦称西峪寺 清初又改称西域云居禅林，仍然保留着云居之名。

云居寺历代屡有修葺，最后的修缮年代是清康熙三十七年(l698年)。被毁前的寺院规模宏大，寺院中路有院落五层，殿宇六进。寺依山而建，每层院落逐步升高，各层正殿之旁又有配殿，中路北侧有僧寮客舍，南北二塔分居左右，山门前引泉水流过，清泉垂柳，山雾缭绕，自然环境颇为幽美，确实是一处修行佳处。七七事变后寺院被日军炮火毁为一片废墟，南塔也於此时被毁。在云居寺遗址范圉内，北部及四隅的十座小石塔是劫后仅存遗物。所幸摄有云居寺被毁前照片，中日邦交恢复后，日方将当时照片送归。

佛教自公元2年伊存授经东传中国后，译着经卷便是众多僧人信徒经久不息的一项事业。但是纸张、绢绸、木板经卷，不仅易受风、火、水、虫的破坏，也易受人为的损毁，历史上两次法难期间，大量的手写佛经化为灰烬，战争兵火也给佛教寺院、佛像经籍带来毁灭性灾难。造样就促使僧徒想方设法让佛法传承久远。鉴於山东泰山、河北鼓山等处的摩崖刻经得以保存，幽州僧人静琬认为经刻石上，可以地久天长，於是继承其师慧思遗志，选择了盛产汉白玉、艾叶青石，又远离幽州城的房山，开始了刻经於石、秘藏於室的艰巨工捏。静琬先是创建了石经山藏经洞和云居寺，他发愿造十二部石经。这一行动得到当时社会各方面的支待。从隋大叶中到唐初，静琬30年刻经不辍，每刻完一批石经就凿洞封存起来。

贞观十三年(639年)静琬入寂，他的第子玄导、僧仪、惠暹、玄法四代相续主持刻经，并得到金信公主奏赐经本四千多部作为底本，先后刻经百馀部，分藏於各藏经洞中。自隋至明，共开凿藏经洞九个 藏石经版4559块;辽金时又在寺南侧挖穴，埋藏经版1o611块。辽天庆七年(1120xx年)在穴旁筑塔，即云居寺南塔也称压经塔。

静琬最初所刻石经146块，一部分镶嵌于第五洞的四壁上。第五洞名雷音洞是九洞之中最大的一个，也是唯一一座开放式藏经洞，洞前有门可以进出，长宽各约十米，中有四根八角形石柱支撑洞顶，石柱各面均雕有小佛像共1o54尊，故称千佛柱。其馀各洞都是封闭式，里面叠藏石经板，洞门封锢，人不能出人。