英语教师面试技巧范文

第一篇：英语教师面试技巧

我们所见过的英文面试自我介绍中，只要跟面试有关，都要突出自己的工作经验或管理能力等。以下的英语教师自我介绍突出以下十二个特点，请参考：

1.介绍你自己的教育背景；

2.介绍你自己的家庭环境背景；

3.谈论自己对教师职业的看法；

4.谈谈自己作为老师对教学策略的运用；

5.谈论自己对教师与学生之间的沟通技巧；

6.谈论自己在教学环节当中有什么优势和劣势；

7.谈论你应聘本校的动机和理想；

8.谈谈你对教育你自己专业与从事教学学科的联系；

9.谈谈你自己的个性特征，是否外向，内向，是否有幽默感？

10.谈谈你自己的情绪特征，是否精力充沛，有朝气，能够吸引学生？

11.谈谈你的人生观；

12.谈谈你对人际关系的处理与看法。

general introduction

i am a third year master major in automation at shanghai jiao tong university p. r. china. with tremendous interest in industrial engineering i am writing to apply for acceptance into your ph.d. graduate program.

education background

in 1995 i entered the nanjing university of science &technology (nust) -- widely considered one of the china’s best engineering schools. during the following undergraduate study my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. i was granted first class prize every semester and my overall gpa(89.5/100) ranked no.1 among 113 students. in 1999 i got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. i selected the shanghai jiao tong university to continue my study for its best reputation on combinatorial optimization and network scheduling where my research interest lies.

at the period of my graduate study my overall gpa(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. in the second semester i became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. this year i won the acer scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. presently i am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of excellent graduation thesis.

research experience and academic activity

when a sophomore i joined the association of ai enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. in 1997 i participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in prof. wang’s lab. with the tool of opengl and matlab i designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. it is now widely used by different research groups in nust. in 1998 i assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis &dispose project for nanjing sewage treatment plant. this was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.

in 1999 i joined the distinguished professor yu-geng xis research group aiming at network flow problem solving and heuristic algorithm research. soon i was engaged in the fudan gene database design. my duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format. through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms i introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm -- multi-population genetic algorithm. by dividing a whole population into several sub-populations this improved algorithm can effectively prevent ga from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations. it proved more efficiently than sga in experiments too. in the second semester i joined the workshop-scheduling research in shanghai heavy duty tyre plant. the scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances. to make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost i proposed a dynamic layered scheduling method based on hybrid petri nets. the practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale. i also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea. recently i am doing research in the composite predict of the electrical power system assisted with the technology of data mining for bao steel. i try to combine the decision tree with receding optimization to provide a new solution for the composite predictive problem. this project is now under construction.

besides in july 2014 i got the opportunity to give a lecture in english in asia control conference (ascc) which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation. in my senior year i met prof. xiao-song lin a visiting professor of mathematics from university of california-riverside i learned graph theory from him for my network research. these experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of english and the understanding of western culture.

i hope to study in depth

in retrospect i find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience which has prepared me for the ph.d. program. my future research interests include: network scheduling problem heuristic algorithm research (especially in ga and neural network) supply chain network research hybrid system performance analysis with petri nets and data mining.

please give my application materials a serious consideration. thank you very much.

1、 good morning my name is xx it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview i would like to answer whatever you may raise and i hope i can make a good performance today eventually enroll in this primary school.

2、 now i will introduce myself brieflyi am xx years oldborn in xx province and i am curruently a xxxx.my major is xxx..in the past 4 yearsi spend most of my time on studyi have passed cet4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides i have attend

3.i will have patience on all of the children and my hard work will be improved if you enroll me.

第二篇：小学英语教师面试技巧

小学英语教师面试技巧

做好充足的准备，把要讲的内容的相关背景等知识了解到位，并把课的内容和这些背景结合起来，主要是注意如何让背景知识在吸引人的同时把人引导到课本的内容上来。 出发前的准备很重要，一定要着装合体，不要穿着台前卫，毕竟教师这个职位还是要讲究矜持的。 在谈到面试，其实说起来，小学英语并不需要多高英语水平，更多的需要你的亲和力，所以不需要掌握太多英语面试技巧。你如果能做好孩子王，相信你就一定能胜任这一职务。如果你有幼教的基础，中标的可能性就会大大增加。如果没有，可以提前看一些少儿心理学的文章。

做好充足的准备，把要讲的内容的相关背景等知识了解到位，并把课的内容和这些背景结合起来，主要是注意如何让背景知识在吸引人的同时把人引导到课本的内容上来。

出发前的准备很重要，一定要着装合体，不要穿着台前卫，毕竟教师这个职位还是要讲究矜持的。

在见到面试官时要表现的大方，不要太拘禁，也不要太嚣张，给人留下稳重的印象。

试讲时要首先把自己的试讲材料分发给各位考官。

讲课时的音量特别重要，而且要有板书，然后就是注意设计的跟学生互动的环节。麻雀虽小但五脏俱全， 所以板书就是你的教课大纲，是有始有终的，最后别忘了布置作业。

试讲完成以后还会有提问基本上都是涉及到如何安排你所教的课程的，教学侧重点应该在哪里，如果学生出现了这样或那样的问题你该如何等等。

第三篇：初中英语教师面试技巧

给你一份说课和讲课的范例。参考一下

module 1 unit 2 heroes lesson 1 modern heroes

说课教案

（一）教学内容

1．本课是unit 2 heroes lesson 1 modern heroes 的第一课时。本单元分别介绍了national hero， history makers，sports stars 和 superhero。这几篇文章的主题都是hero，但涉及的领域不同，它们融会贯通，承上启下，融为一体。

2．本课是介绍national hero，是学生比较熟悉和感兴趣的话题，前部分需要介绍杨利伟和神州五号，让学生掌握有关词汇；后一部分是介绍杨利伟乘坐神州五号宇宙飞船遨游太空的情况。

3．本课文出现了较多的定语从句，还有生词较多（有些单词表没有而初中又没有学过），在这样的困难前提下，我引导学生通过 culture and background knowledge，结合课本内容丰富自己的知识面，拓宽学生对航天知识的了解，让学生了解航天英雄的成功之路，激发他们的民族自豪感。

（二）学生分析

1．组成情况

职业高中高一学生年龄都在14－16岁之间，大多数学生由于初中的知识基础打得不扎实，而且缺乏主动学习的能动性，自学能力差，对学习没有持有探究性和方向性，也没有养成良好英语学习习惯，所以学习成绩不太理想。

2．学生的知识与技能水平

职业高中招生的学生，基础知识比较薄弱，甚至连音标都不会读，词汇的掌握范围狭窄，影响了阅读，听力和作文。学生的表达能力还是停留在比较低级的水平，面对每幅图片或某个主题只能说出一两句话，而且在阅读上，未能掌握泛读和精读的技巧和方法，课后的预习和复习能力较差，缺乏总结归纳的能力。

3．学生已掌握的学习策略

尽管学生的知识和技能水平一般，但经过了一定时间的训练后，他们还是掌握了pair work, group work, using the culture and background knowledge的阅读技巧。

（三）教学目标

1．通过快速阅读文章，学生能够对每段文章进行归纳总结，准确地把段落主题与所给的headings联系起来。

2．通过仔细阅读，学生能够回答关于文章的细节问题。

3．通过进一步阅读，学生能够学生能用英语对采访自己心目中的民族英雄。并尝试复述课文。

（四）教学策略

教学方法：使用交际法，充分调动学生的积极性，积极参与到课堂教学中，通过师生互动，小组表演的形式，完成各种任务，以达到完成教学任务的途径。

（五）教学过程

第一步导入

t: good morning, everyone! do you like watching movies? do you know jet lee (李连杰)？do you know one of his famous movie called hero? what does ‘hero’ mean? who are the heroes in your heart? do you know yan liwei, our national hero?

第二步介绍文章人物

t: open your books, and turn to page 100 and 101. let’s read two passages about shenzhou v and yang liwei.

shenzhou v is china’s first manned spaceship. it lifted off at 9 a.m. on wednesday, october 15th, 2014 in jiuquan, gansu province. it was carrying yang liwei. it was launched very successfully and landed in inner mongolia safely.

yang liwei is china’s first astronaut. he was a pilot in the army. he was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998. during the 21-hour space flight, he circled the earth 14 times. when the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, yang liwei showed the flags of china and the united nations, expressing the wishes of the chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.

介绍文章时，展示文章中的生词，让学生猜测词意，带读并加以巩固。 第三步阅读文章 （1） fast reading 呈现六个headings，让学生快速阅读，要求归纳每段的主题。 a. astronaut lands safely b. welcome home c. international good wished d. an exciting lift-off e. introdution f. during the flight 学生单个回答并集体讨论改正错误。 (2) careful reading

学生通过fast reading,完成了headings后，基本对课文有一定的了解，然后呈现出五道问题，要求学生再进行第二次阅读，对课文进行更深入的了解。

1. how did yang liwei feel duing the flight? how did he feel afterwards?

2. what did yang liwei do during the shenzhou v’s seventh circle of the earth?

3. how many circles did the spaceship complete while yang liwei was sleeping?

4. what were helicopters doing as yang liwei returned to the earth’s atmosphere?

5. what did yang liwei do when he came out of the spaceship?

第四步巩固练习

通过两次阅读让学生对课文熟悉，训练学生的阅读速度和解题技巧，最后通过ask and answer in pairs，培养学生的口语能力，并强迫他们记住文章的主要内容，为下一步语言运用打下基础。

第五步语言运用

为提高学生对生活中的热点问题发表自己观点的能力，让学生运用自己学过的语言知识，对自己心目中的民族英雄进行模拟采访。把全班同学分成若干个小组，每个小组有一名同学扮演“杨利伟”，其他同学为全国各地新闻媒体记者，他们自由设计(更多请关注www.hAOwORD.cOM)问题，对“杨利伟”进行采访。

教师巡视课堂，发现表现出色的小组，让他们到台前表演。

教师总结评价。

第六步布置作业

让学生准备复述杨利伟的故事，要求说出自己的民族自豪感。

a teaching plan for unit 3 celebrationlesson 1 festivals

huang shui ping

general objectives:

1.to read to learn the main chinese seasonal festivals and their history origin and meanings.

2.to help them learn some phrasal verbs and functional items about the topic and try to use them.

language aim:

1.phrases:

be celebrated by, fall on , mark, be decorated with, tradition/traditional, serve,take part in, get together

2.important sentences:

the mid-autumn festival is celebrated by chinese people.

the lantern festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.

ability aim:

1).improving the ability of getting the general information and specific information from reading a text.

2). using own words to describe some important chinese festivals.

emotion aim:

to promote students’ qualities of a patriotism(爱国主义精神，爱国心) by learning the main chinese festivals and learn their history origin and their meanings。

teaching important points and difficult points:

1).to get information from reading

2).to talk about festivals freely in english.

teaching methods:

brainstorming,task-based teaching method , heuristic teaching method , group work.teaching aids:

a recorder, a computer, and blackboard

teaching procedures:

step1. greeting and reviewing.

greet the class as usual.

ask: what we can celebrate in our life? get students to answer using the key words in warming up. eg,

graduation, a birthday, christmas, passing an exam, winning a scholarship, a sporting victory, the mid-autumn festival, the new year, a wedding, halloween, the dragon boat festivalstep2. leading-in.

show students many pictures of different seasons on the screen , asking: what’s your favourite season? why? help students answer using the words that they have already learned. then ask: what festivals happen during your favourite seasons? show more pictures about different festivals on the screen to help them to answer.

students can work together to answer this question. eg,

t:what is your favorite season? what festivals happen during your favorite season? ( have a

discussion)

(s1: i liker summer. there are children’s day, dragon-boat festival and mother’s day.

s2: my favorite season is winter. they are spring festival and lantern festival and christmas day.

s3:……

t：well done. thank you.

explain the differences between day and festival.

step3.while-reading

activity1.fast-reading

get students to read the text quickly, match the pictures with the festivals.

activity2. guessing.

show some describing sentences on the screen to let students read and guess the names of the three festivals .

activity3. careful-reading

this time let students read the text carefully and get more detailed information to fill in the table of exercise3 on page36.

ask some students to report their answers to the class.

step4. practice

play the tape for the students to listen and ask them to fill in the blanks according the text.

1.the mid-autumn festival happens in september or______.it is important because it is a special _____for family.

2. there are many different kinds of mooncakes____fruit, coffee, chocolate and so on.

3. the ________ festival falls on the fifth day of thefifthmonth of the lunar year.

4.the dragon boat race marks the _____ of the hottest season of the year.

5.________festival marks the end of the chinese new year celebration.

step5. post-reading.

let students discuss with a partner and answer the following question.

which festival in china is most important for children? young people?old people? women and men?

then ask some students to give a report.

step6. homework.

1. do the exercise 9 on page 37

2. remember the new words in lesson one.

3. use your own words to describe a festival that you are familiar with.

step7. blackboard design.

lesson 1festivals

the mid-autumn festival is celebrated by chinese people.

the lantern festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.

你好，参加面试不是真的讲课，二十讲你对自己课程的设计，就是说课，我也是去年考的初中英语，我们是提前1个小时左右让你抽课，然后会有准备的时间，说课结束后，考官还会问你几个问题，我那时还找了份英语说课的模板，贴给你参考，

good morning everyone. standing here, i’m very happy and excited. it’s my great honor to be here to present my lesson, and the chance is very precious for me. and i’ll try my best. today i’ll talk about unitfrommy contents consist of 8 parts

analysis of the teaching material

analysis of the students

teaching methods

teaching aims and demands

teaching aids

teaching procedure

blackboard design

and conclusion

well, firstly, i’ll talk about part 1 analysis of the teaching material. i have concluded the features of……. 1 .there are a lot pictures. for this, the kids will be interested in the book. as we all know that interest is best teacher for the students. 2. it lays stress on the communication. according to the problem of chinese students learning english , the book design a lot of material to improve the students’ ability of listening speaking, reading, and writing. so i think the book is very good.then i’ll talk about next part analysis of the students. it is known to us that the kids are very active and like playing games very much, so during my class, i’ll design some interesting games to activate them to participate and learn something. they will also be interested in the class.

next i’ll talk about teaching methods. my teaching methods are task-based approach and situational approach. using different methods can make the class active.

let’s move on to another part, teaching aims and demands. there are knowledge aims and ability aim.

knowledge aims are to enable the students to master the words and phrases:………. and the sentences:…

ability aims are to improve students’

listening and speaking ability by reading and practicing the dialogue.

next is the teaching aids. in this class, i’ll use pictures, ppt and tape recorder. these can arouse the students’ interest in english.

now i’ll talk about most important part teaching procedure. it consists of 5 steps. warning up, lead-in, contents key points and difficult points and homework.

step1 is warming up. here i’ll use ppt to play a english song bingo for the students and i’ll ask them try to follow it to sing together. by this, the students can be interested in it and pay their attention to our class easily and improve their ability of speaking.

step2 is lead-in （导入根据所授内容设计，可通过展示与本课有关的话题或者图片等等引出本课话题）

step 3 is contents( 本部分为主要授课内容及组织的课堂活动。可从听说读写四块分写)step 4 is key points and difficult points( 本部分列出本课重难点可为单词句型或语法知识)step 5 is homework.( 作业形式最好新颖，例如课让学生根据本课内容做个小调查等)（conclusion ）

to be a good teacher is my dream, i think a teacher is not only a guide for the students, but also a friend of them. if i were a teacher, i would build a close relation with my students, helping them not only on their study, but also on their lives. i’ll try my best and i’m confident that i can be a good teacher

第四篇：2014年安徽教师招聘考试面试：英语教师面试技巧

【导读】安徽教师招聘考试网为您提供：2014年安徽教师招聘考试面试：英语教师面试技巧，欢迎加入安徽教师考试交流群：92014184。更多信息请关注安徽人事考试网http://wuhu.offcn.com

推荐阅读：

2014安徽中小学教师招聘面试网校课程【1580元面试不过退1000元】

首先就是要在试讲前做好充足的准备，把要讲的内容的相关背景等知识了解到位，并把课的内容和这些背景结合起来，主要是注意如何让背景知识在吸引人的同时把人引导到课本的内容上来。

其次就是出发前的准备，一定要着装合体，不要穿着台前卫，毕竟教师这个职位还是要讲究矜持的。

在见到面试官时要表现的大方，不要太拘禁，也不要太嚣张，给人留下稳重的印象。 试讲时要首先把自己的试讲材料分发给各位考官。

讲课时的音量特别重要，而且要有板书，然后就是注意设计的跟学生互动的环节。麻雀虽小但五脏俱全，所以板书就是你的教课大纲，是有始有终的，最后别忘了布置作业。

试讲完成以后还会有提问基本上都是涉及到如何安排你所教的课程的，教学侧重点应该在哪里，如果学生出现了这样或那样的问题你该如何等等。

英语教师面试技巧

面试可能问的问题：

1.你教了几年书?

how long have you been teaching?

i have been teaching for...

2.有教小学的经验吗?

did you have any experiences teaching in elementary school/primary school? yes, i did. or no, i didnt.

3.你打算怎么样给小朋友上课?

how are you going to give lessons to little kids?

i think i am going to use all kinds of materials that are available like cd player, pictures, word cards, tv, magazines, games ects in my lessons. i am going to use different teaching meathods to help children with different learning styles.

4.能否示范一下?

can you demonstrate one lesson?

sure. if i teach days of the week, i will teach children a song: sunday,

monday...(用twinkle twinkle little star 的tune)

5.你觉得教小学生跟教中学生有什么不同?

what is the difference between teaching elementary school children and the junior high school children?

well, when teaching little kids a teacher has to be more patient.he/she has to use lots of songs, games, body language to help student learn english.the forms of each lesson should be different.

teaching junior high school kids is a little bit different. i can introduce some grammer. i can give them more written work and i can have more discussions with the children.

6.如何让小学生对英文感兴趣?

how are you going to keep the students interested in learning english?

7.如何将你的课上得有趣?

how are you going to keep your lessons interesting?

(这两道题的答案是一样的，只不过问的形式不一样)

i will try my best to use all the teaching methodologies i learned at school to reach each child. stories, poems, riddles, jokes songs are all good for little kids. i will have them practice english as a whole class, group work, pair work or independent work.whatever works out for the children i will do it. there is never one way to success.

更多内容请查看：安徽人事考试网、芜湖人事考试网、安徽公务员考试网、安徽教师招聘考试网

第五篇：小学英语教师面试说课技巧

小学英语教师面试说课技巧
一，准备说课稿 我面试的是英语老师，所以准备的是全英说课稿，但我觉得各学科应该有相通的地方。 正式准备前，看面试说明，有没有指定教材。比如我们小学英语是以本县所用小学五年级教 材为面试材料。 最好先找个当地的老师请教下， 面试时可以怎么准备或者他会给你些建议或 者注意事项。准备面试时，可以去网上搜索几篇相关科目的说课稿，英语全英的比较少，但 还是找到几篇我认为可以有借鉴的。 （不一定必须是和教材课文对应的，主要是参考它的语 言和形式）。建议不要用现成的稿子，一定要有自己的思考在里面。我当时的腹稿就是研究 了几篇打印稿后自己综合写出来的。还有一点，建议不要每篇课文都准备说课稿。以我们这 次面试为例，五年级上下册，每册 10 个单元，每单元两课，如果每篇都准备，得背 40 篇说 课稿，这在几天的面试准备时间下是不可行的。实际上，每单元的第一课都是新课，教学目 标和教学方法之类的差不多大同小异。包括说课稿必说的几大部分里，也是有一样的地方。 我的做法是，准备一到两篇说课稿，把相似部分的语言组织好，背过。这样，无论到时候抽 到那一课，这些原样抄上就可以了（其实面试那天，几乎每个人手里拿着的都是一份稿子， 而不是几十份，说课前有备课时间，可以利用那段时间根据抽到的课完善腹稿）。背的滚瓜 烂熟后，对着镜子练手势和表情（我觉得这点很重要，开始看着镜子练时，一走神就容易忘 词，后来就习惯看着人说了），纠正细节。觉得差不多了后，可以设置模拟课堂，找几个家 人当评委，该怎么说怎么说，让他们纠错。我觉得实战演练也很重要，当时我自己准备的腹 稿已经背的差不多了，但是第一次自己试着站在讲台上说时，尽管下边没人，一走上那个讲 台，心还是禁不住乱跳起来，说了没两句，就开始忘词重复了。还有一点，不知道是不是因 人而异，坐着背稿和站着说稿的感觉很不一样，站着时更容易感受紧张。如果同学们也有类 似感觉，建议站着练稿。 二，注意事项 1、英语老师的面试，都说全英的说课稿比汉语说课稿加分。但我们这次面试我知道的 得 91 点多的那位面试第三名用的是汉语。无论什么说课稿，一定要注意语调，要有变化； 语速，一定不要全快或者全慢。 2,、面试着装很重要，女孩子可以使那种白黑搭配的连衣裙（建议），要穿个比较正式 的高跟鞋。男孩子可以穿西装。我这次选择了件比较素的裙子，但面试那天，还是有好多考 生穿的很正式的职业装，给人形象很好。 3、面试时要抽签决定

抽到的是31号。从早上6点半到那里，一直等到12点半多才轮到我。在这期间，直到10点我的心一直是紧张的咚咚乱跳，但10以后，也是等的有点不耐烦了，心慢慢的就静了下来，改了稿子的几个地方，和同学对对稿……当时就想着赶紧赶紧面试。有的同学，十几号的，说课出来脸憋的通红，你不是考官你都知道她紧张的太过，太紧张了语速容易加快，并且说话爱结巴，这大家都知道，会严重影响发挥的。并且，好多过来人都说，面试在一定程度上市很注重你的仪表的，不是说长的怎样，是你的一言一行带给他们的暗示。是不是自信，是不是大方得体还能重要。

4、最好有板书。如果你的书法很好，可以边讲边写；如果不好，可以在说 教学过程 的最后一个环节专门加上板书设计，简单的写点。注意，说课要尽量发挥自己的优点掩饰缺点，怎样有利怎样做。

5、说课稿子最好要有一个亮点，或者叫做高潮（这是等到后来我们都等烦了跟那的工作人员聊天时他告诉我们的，他们是哪所学校的老师）。我后来抽到课以后，在准备的多半个小时里，就把我准备的稿子里，教学过程的整个第一环节全改了，改成了一个 情景再现 式的小活动，加进了几个动作和对话。

6、应聘小学老师的同学们应该了解，小学英语的教授原则一般是寓教于乐，活动和游戏比较多。所以说课时，尽量展示你课堂的丰富多彩。我觉得我面试上不如那几个得分高，原因就在这个地方。我们大家都习惯用一首歌导入课堂，但只有几个同学唱出来了。还有几个同学板书里包括了简笔画。这些都是亮点。

7、我有个同学，进去面试时很紧张，表现很不好，都说了一半了差不多才觉得缓过来，她觉得没戏了，就有点放弃，说课结束后，也没有鞠躬，就垂头丧气的出来了，后来成绩出来就差一点点录取，她自己后悔的不行。要说的道理就是，不到出考场，一定要坚持。该有的自信，该有的礼节，一定不能丢。

8、额外话，可能因人而异。我们多数同学在学校里时并没有过正规的说课训练，所以在准备的过程中可能会很抓狂，甚至很怀疑绝望。还是那句话，一定要坚持。

9、有条件的话，借来教师用书看看，可能会给你灵感。有条件的话，问问往年考过的同学，多打听点过程，可以缓解到时候的紧张。

10、不要忽视细节。一定要认真准备，不要有侥幸心理。面试拉分很大，而笔试成绩差不开。即使笔试名次很靠前，最后也不一定能考上。