高中英语的听力技巧分析范文
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高中英语的听力技巧
1、基数词的读法
202读作:two hundred(and)two
234读作:two hundred(and)thirty four
1,234读作:one thousand,two hundred(and)thirty four
但是在读法上须注意以下几点:
(1)在英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and'',但美式英语中则不用。如:3,077 U.S:three thousand, seventy-seven.
2、序数词的读法
lst读作:(the)first
2nd读作:(the)second
3nd读作:(the)third
4th读作:(the)fourth
20th读作:(the)twentieth
21st读作:(the)twenty-first
22nd读作:(the)twenty-second
23rd读作:(the)twenty-third其它以此类推。
3、小数含小数点的数字的读法
小数点”.“读作:”point“,小数点后的数若是两位以上,则分别读出。
0.5读作:zero point five
0.25读作:zerop point two five
0.125读作:zero point one two five
93.64m读作:ninety-three point six four meters
4、年代及日期的读法
数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说:
2000B.C.读作:two thousand BC
1558读作:fifteen fifty-eight
1603读作:six teen(hundred and)three/sixteen oh three
921读作:nine twenty-one
日期的表达英式和美式有所不同,请注意区别:英式先写日子,美式先写月份
英:1999年4月6日=6th April l999
美:1999年4月6日=April 6,1999
在读法上,英国人有两种表达方式:
April the sixth,nineteen ninety-nineThe sixth of April,nineteen ninety-nine
美国人则一般这样表示:
April sixth,nineteen ninety-nine(省略”the“)
5、钟点的读法
钟点的读法分英式和美式两种,我们应对此加以注意。
英:7:00 seven o'clock a.m./p.m.8:15 a quarter past eight/eight fifteen9:30 half past nine/nine thirty9:45 a quarter to ten/nine forty-five10:03 three(minutes)past ten/ten oh three
美用法基本相似,只是英国用past之处,美国通常用after;英国用to之处,美国常用of。
5:15 a quarter after five/five fifteen9:30 nine thirty/half past nine9:45 a quarter of ten/nine forty-five9:55 five of ten/nine fifty-five
(2)不定冠词”a“只在数的开头才和hundred,thousand等连用。试比较:
146读作:a hundred(and)forty-six
2,146读作:two thousand,one hundred(and)forty-six.
(3)1,000这个整数我们说a thousand,在and前我们也说a thousand,但是在一个有百位数的数目前就得说one thousand,试比较:
1,031读作:a thousand,(and)thirty-one
1,150读作:one thousand,one hundred(and)fifty
(4)hundred,thousand和million这几个词的单数可以和”a“者”one“连用,但是不能单独使用。在非正式文体中”a“比较常见;当我们说话比较准确的时候就用”one“,试比较:
I Want to live for a hundred years.The journey took exactly one hundred days.
(5)我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)等,而不说one thous and one hundred. 从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法最常见。
11,234读作:eleven thousand two hundred(and),thirty-four
155,721读作:one hundred(and)fifly-five thous and seven hundred(and)twenty-one
6,155,702读作:six million one hundred(and)fifly-five thous and seven hundred and two
26,000,008读作:twenty-six million and eight
326,414,718读作:three hundred(and)twenty-six million,four hundred(and)four teen thous and,seven hundred(and)eighteen
4,302,000,000读作:four billion three hundred(and)two million
(6)由以上一组数字可以看出,多位数由右向左每3位有一逗号,这个逗号的作用非同小可,在记忆数字时,它可以帮我们很大的忙!
逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion;第四个逗号就是trillion。这几个逗号的作用在于,当我们听到若干thousand时,立即写下这个数,并在其后打一个逗号,并留出3位;当听到若干million,则写下数字,并在其后打一逗号,留出6位;听到若干billion,方法同上,在后面留出9位,后面的million、thousand依此法类推,让所有数字各就其位。
例如,当你听到”twenty thous and and four“写出20,”and four“意为后一组仅有个位,即:004,那么,这个数字完整地写下来就是20,004;若听到”six million twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three,“则第一步先写:6,020,再将最后一组423写在第一个逗号后面。完整的为6,020,423。
由此可见,这个三位一逗号的作用有多大。只要我们在平时的训练中加强对三位数读写的训练,就能区分”ty“与”teen'',并能借助这个不可缺少的“逗号”,无论数字多么大,也不会对我们造成障碍。
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高中英语的语法的错误类型
主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。
例如:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析:a句中的a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
时态错误
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。
例如:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析:第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。
语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。
例如:
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子:
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
连词的错误
连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。
例如:
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子:
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.
名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。
例如:
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子:
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
情态动词和助动词的错误
这类错误有以下几种情况:
① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;
② 情态动词后的动词加“s”;
③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”;
④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;
⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;
⑥。助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s“;⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。
例如:
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正确的句子:
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,
错误如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析,中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。
例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语,跟所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,因此用“sleeping”,相当于 “the child who is sleeping”。
冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词,或者说不重视冠词这个问题,常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。
冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。
不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词:另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday.
例如:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where,以及what与how的误用等。
例如:
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子:
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是,人称代词充当介词宾语时,也要采用其宾格形式。
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